From time to time, we are asked whether infant formulas contain processed free glutamic acid (MSG) and processed free aspartic acid – both neurotoxins, particularly toxic to the vulnerable nervous system of the infant.

Results of analyses of five formulas purchased in Canada are shown in Table 1. Brands are listed in alphabetical order. Ingredients of products sold in the United States and other countries may vary. The manufacturer of Enfalac sold in Canada uses the product name Enfamil in the United States.

TABLE 1

In a brochure for their Enfalac formula line, Mead Johnson Nutritionals states that infant formula requirements are as follows:

1-week-old infant — 6 to 10 bottles of 2 to 4 oz. formula
3-month-old infant — 4 to 5 bottles of 6 to 8 oz. formula

Taking an average of the formula requirements given by Mead Johnson Nutritionals we find that the average requirements would be:

1-week-old—8 bottles of 3 oz. formula = 24 oz. formula per day
3-month-old—4.5 bottles of 7 oz. formula = 31.5 oz. formula per day

Tables 2 and 3 show the amounts of neurotoxic glutamic acid and neurotoxic aspartic acid that would be ingested daily by an average infant on each of the analyzed formulas for ages 1 week and 3 months.

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

FORMULA SOLD IN THE USA

In so far as we know, there has been no study of quantities of neurotoxic amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and L-cysteine) present in infant formula sold in the USA. So we picked two cans of formula off our grocer's shelves to illustrate the fact that formula sold in the USA has its share of MSG-containing ingredients. The ingredients are shown in Table 4. Those known to contain MSG or create MSG during processing are shown in bold. L-cysteine is noted in italics because it, like glutamic acid and aspartic acid, is a neurotoxic amino acid.

TABLE 4

Ingredients in infant formula sold in the USA

Nestlé Carnation Good Start (Easy to Digest Comfort proteins): Water, enzymatically hydrolyzed reduced minerals whey protein concentrate (from cows's milk), vegetable oils (palm olein, soy, coconut, high-oleic safflower), lactose, corn maltodextrin. . .

Enfamil Nutramigen Hypoallergenic Formula: Water, corn syrup solids. . . casein hydrolysate, modified corn starch. . . carrageenan, L-cysteine. . .

SUMMARY

The Canadian Study leaves no room for doubt that ingredients that contain processed free glutamic acid (MSG) and free aspartic acid — known neurotoxins— are used in baby formula. The fact that neurotoxins are present in baby formula is of particular concern since the blood brain barrier is not fully developed in infants, allowing neurotoxins to be more accessible to the brain than is the case in healthy adults.

The amounts of aspartic acid and glutamic acid found in the formulas analyzed in the Canadian Study have been listed separately in the tables. However, in studies using experimental animals, neuroscientists have found that glutamic acid and aspartic acid load on the same receptors in the brain, cause identical brain lesions and neuroendocrine disorders, and act in an additive fashion.

You will note that the level of neurotoxins found in the hypoallergenic formula was far greater than the level of neurotoxins found in the other formulas. In reviewing the literature on hypoallergenic formulas, we have found short-term studies that concluded that hypoallergenic formulas are safe because babies tolerated them and gained weight. However, we have not seen any long-term studies on the safety of hypoallergenic formulas. We believe that well designed long term studies would demonstrate that infants raised on hypoallergenic formulas, as compared to infants who are breastfed or fed on non-hypoallergenic formulas, will exhibit more learning disabilities at school age, and/or more endocrine disorders, such as obesity and reproductive disorders, later in life. Long-term studies on the effects of hypoallergenic formulas need to be done.

To put these figures in perspective, consider that in an FDA-sponsored study dated July, 1992 entitled "Safety of Amino Acids Used in Dietary Supplements," the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology concluded, in part, that "...it is prudent to avoid the use of dietary supplements of L-glutamic acid by pregnant women, infants, and children. . . and. . . by women of childbearing age and individuals with affective disorders." (MSG is called glutamic acid or L-glutamic acid when used in supplements.)

Consider also, that a press release dated May 27, 1999, which discussed the European Commission marketing authorization for RotaShield(R) Rotavirus Vaccine (since removed from the market) stated, in part, "RotaShield(R) should not be given to infants who are hypersensitive to latex or. . . monosodium glutamate."

During the 1960s, the food ingredient "monosodium glutamate" was routinely added to baby foods. The industry "voluntarily" ceased the practice after Congressional hearings in which concerned researchers warned of serious adverse effects. However, for some years following the elimination of "monosodium glutamate," hydrolyzed proteins were used in place of "monosodium glutamate." Hydrolyzed proteins always contain MSG.

Many consumers now know to avoid baby foods with hydrolyzed proteins. Yet how many parents realize that MSG lurks in every bottle of formula given to their infants? Babies on hypoallergenic formulas receive about 1 gram of total neurotoxins per day, a level at which many MSG-sensitive individuals experience adverse reactions.

NOTE: We wish to express our appreciation to Baby Love Products Inc. of Camrose, Alberta, Canada for obtaining some of the above information. For further information on MSG, see www.truthinlabeling.org.

This article appeared in Wise Traditions in Food, Farming and the Healing Arts, the quarterly magazine of the Weston A. Price Foundation, Fall 2001.

About the Author

Jack Samuels is a graduate of Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, where he received both a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in biology and a Master of Science in Hospital Administration degree. Mr. Samuels is co-founder and president of the Truth-in-Labeling Campaign (TLC) (www.truthinlabeling.org), a former vice president of Nutrition for Optimal Health Association (NOHA), a former member of the advisory board of the former National Organization Mobilized to Stop Glutamates (NOMSG), and a member of the honorary board of The Weston A. Price Foundation.

Following about 15 years as a hospital administrator, Mr. Samuels became an investment banker, providing investment banking services to the health care industry. He has been retired since 1995 because he found it impossible to avoid becoming ill from MSG when traveling to serve his clients. Mr. Samuels has lost consciousness over 30 times from MSG. Since 1989, Mr. Samuels has worked with his wife, Adrienne Samuels, Ph.D., to advise consumers, physicians, researchers, and government officials about the dangers of MSG, and to counsel MSG-sensitive people. They have testified at meetings held by, and/or funded by, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) relating to MSG, and have had articles and letters published in health magazines and scientific journals. They have also appeared on radio and television regarding the MSG issue. In 1994, the Samuels participated as plaintiffs in a federal suit against the FDA regarding the full disclosure of MSG in processed foods. At that time, the Samuels decided to start a nonprofit corporation, TLC, to serve the needs of MSG-sensitive people, and to represent their interests in the court effort. TLC was incorporated in Illinois as a not-for-profit corporation in 1994, and is recognized as a nonprofit agency by the Internal Revenue Service.

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