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it is vital to pay more attention to the “possible 17. Allergists say alpha-gal red meat allergy better understood, as numbers continue to
increase. VUMC Reporter, Dec. 21, 2016.
role of these injections in the increase in al- 18. Soh JY, Huang CH, Lee BW. Carbohydrates as food allergens. Asia Pac Allergy
lergic disease or in food allergy in particular.” 2015;5(1):17-24.
9
Heather Fraser, author of The Peanut Allergy 19. Tick spit protein may trigger allergic reactions. ScienceDaily, Sep. 25, 2015.
20. Chung CH, Mirakhur B, Chan E et al. Cetuximab-induced anaphylaxis and IgE specific
Epidemic, describes how Charles Richet came to for galactose-α-1,3-galactose. N Engl J Med 2008;358(11):1109-17.
view anaphylaxis as the result of injection—“a 21. Fischer J, Huynh HN, Hebsaker J et al. Prevalence and impact of type I sensitization to
response to proteins that had evaded modifica- alpha-gal in patients consulting an allergy unit. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020;181(2):119-
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tion by the digestive system.” According to 22. Berg EA, Platts-Mills TAE, Commins SP. Drug allergens and food—the cetuximab and
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galactose-α-1,3-galactose story. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014;112(2):97-101.
Fraser, Richet saw anaphylaxis as an inevitable 23. Commins SP, James HR, Kelly EA et al. The relevance of tick bites to the production of
outcome of vaccination. The telling origins IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose. J Allergy
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43
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