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confirm additional serious vaccine reactions  QUESTIONABLE INGREDIENTS
            that include cellulitis, cerebellar ataxia, convul-  Ingredients included in varicella-only vaccines include a weakened
            sions, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome,  form of the varicella virus; bovine calf serum or fetal bovine serum; hy-
            necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, seizures,  drolyzed gelatin; monosodium L-glutamate (MSG); and human MRC-5
            septic arthritis, septicemia, shingles, thrombo-  cells (including DNA and protein), among other ingredients (see side-
            cytopenia, toxic shock syndrome, transverse  bar).  The combination MMR-plus-varicella formulations also include
                                                         7
            myelitis and death.                       genetically-engineered human albumin and sorbitol (a highly processed
               In the first three years of the varicella vac-  sweetener often made from corn and associated with digestive distress).
                                                                                                                 7
            cine’s use—between 1995 and 1998—VAERS       The FDA claims that all of these ingredients are safe when used
            received more than sixty-seven adverse event  in vaccine production, but one could easily argue the contrary. For ex-
            reports per one hundred thousand doses of  ample, scientific studies conducted in Japan in the early 1990s identified
            vaccine administered (or about one in fifteen  anaphylactic reactions associated with gelatin in vaccines,  but vaccine
                                                                                                       8
            hundred). Approximately 4 percent of those  manufacturers continue to use gelatin as a stabilizer in eleven vaccines
            reports described serious adverse reactions.  licensed and distributed in the U.S. Additionally, studies by Massachusetts
            However, the true number was likely closer to  Institute of Technology scientist Stephanie Seneff have shown that all
            one hundred adverse events per fifteen hundred  commercial gelatin used in the U.S. is contaminated with the herbicide
            doses. This is because a report commissioned  glyphosate (Roundup) as a result of current animal feeding practices. 9
            by the U.S. Department of Health and Human   Manufacturers use MSG as both a preservative and stabilizer to keep
            Services concluded that fewer than 1 percent  varicella vaccines effective in response to heat, light, acidity and humid-
            of all vaccine adverse events are ever reported  ity. Most of us know of MSG as a flavor enhancer added to Chinese food,
            to VAERS.                                 canned vegetables, soups and processed meats, and some of us may have
                     6


                                        WHAT’S IN THAT VACCINE—AND WHY IS IT THERE?

                 In addition to the antigen (the weakened form of the virus), Merck’s varicella-only and herpes zoster vaccines include
             ingredients such as the following:

                 •  Bovine calf serum or fetal bovine serum: component of growth medium
                 •  Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA): preservative (also a chelating agent)
                 •  Hydrolyzed gelatin (bovine or porcine): stabilizer
                 •  Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG): stabilizer
                 •  Neomycin: antibacterial
                 •  Potassium chloride: medium nutrient, adjusts pH and tonicity
                 •  Sodium chloride: adjusts tonicity
                 •  Potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate monobasic and/or sodium phosphate dibasic: adjusts pH
                 •  Sucrose: stabilizer
                 •  Human MRC-5 cells (including DNA and protein): “manufacturing residue”
                 •  Urea: stabilizer

                 Merck’s combination MMRV vaccine includes similar ingredients plus recombinant (genetically-engineered) human
             albumin (used as a component of the growth medium) and sorbitol (used as a stabilizer and solvent).

                 The ingredients of GlaxoSmithKline’s Shingrix vaccine include a genetically-engineered form of the virus as well as
             many of the same ingredients as Merck’s vaccines. In addition, Shingrix contains:

                 •  QS-21 and MPL: adjuvant suspension
                 •  Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC): adjuvant
                 •  Cholesterol
                 •  Polysorbate 80: surfactant
                 •  Host cell protein and DNA


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